US Launches Trade Probe Against India, 15 Other Countries Over Alleged Unfair Practices

 

New Delhi: The United States has initiated a fresh trade investigation against 16 countries, including India, over alleged unfair trade practices that it says may be affecting American manufacturing and supply chains.

The probe was announced by US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer under Section 301 of the US Trade Act of 1974, a provision that allows Washington to investigate and impose tariffs or other trade restrictions on countries considered to be engaging in practices that disadvantage US commerce.

Apart from India, the countries under review include Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Mexico and the European Union.

Why the US launched the probe

According to Greer, the investigation will focus on what the US describes as “excess manufacturing capacity” in certain economies, which Washington believes could be impacting domestic industries and employment.

He said the move reflects the US administration’s focus on protecting its industrial base and strengthening domestic supply chains.

“Today’s investigations underscore President Donald Trump’s commitment to restoring critical supply chains and creating good-paying jobs for American workers,” Greer said while announcing the probe.

What Section 301 means

Section 301 is a key trade enforcement tool used by the US government to address what it considers unfair foreign trade practices. The provision allows the US to take unilateral action, including tariffs or trade penalties, following an investigation.

The mechanism was previously used in trade disputes with several countries, including China, and is now being used again amid renewed focus on trade imbalances.

India-US trade context

The latest development comes months after trade tensions between India and the US over tariffs and market access issues. Earlier, the US had raised concerns about trade deficits and duties on American goods.

However, tensions had eased following a bilateral trade understanding announced in February 2026. The fresh probe is seen as part of Washington’s broader review of global trade practices rather than a country-specific action.

No official response yet

India has not yet issued an official response to the announcement. Trade experts believe the investigation may be used as a negotiation tool rather than an immediate trigger for punitive measures.

Officials indicated that the probe may also serve to keep trading partners engaged in discussions on market access and supply chain cooperation.

Further developments are expected as the investigation progresses.